Ikusa Otome Suviavol.3

abbots

The via the abbots is a path that connects Bobbio with the city of Rome. Was covered by the monks of the abbey of St. Columbanus of Bobbio to travel to visit the Pope and for the control and trade with the possessions of the monastery that stretched as far as Tuscany.

History

This street was of great importance to communications between the north and Rome through the monasteries of the cornerstones formats: Bobbio, Gravago, Torresana Court, and Pontremoli, the foundation of the Abbey of St. Columban Bobbio, in 614 and his monastic estate until it started declining after the year one thousand. Only after the Rotar Lombard king conquered the fortress of Cisa, previously controlled by the Byzantines, ^[1] between the late seventh century and the beginning of the next step of the mountain Bardone (current step of the Cisa) became feasible and the most popular route was the one of Via Francigena. The importance of the monastery of St. Columba went beyond the religious, however, conspicuous for the burial of St. Columban, was center of cultural diffusion, its scriptorium produced mined and guarded codes, economic power, having jurisdiction over extended possessions, political influence strong support for the real and the caliber of its abbots were of European origin.

The economic power of the monastery of interest sparked battles between bishops and communes, in the seventh century to the twelfth century, the travels of abbots in Rome, to obtain confirmation of power, ownership and autonomy of the monastery, were frequent among them include that of Abbot Bertulfo who went to Rome in 628 by Pope Honorius I for the bubble of autonomy against the claims of Bishop of Tortona Probo first case of exemption of an abbey from episcopal jurisdiction ^{[2] and that of} 'Abbot Bobuleno , Rotari sent by the king in 643 in Rome by Pope Theodore . The autonomy of the monastery no longer only in the thirteenth century, when it passes under the power of the Bishop of Bobbio.

The Irish pilgrims

The visit of the tomb of Saint Columba was an obligatory stop in the pilgrimage to Rome for travelers in Ireland, already in 862 the monks of Bobbio welcome these pilgrims drawn into the hospice at the church of Santa Brigida in Piacenza.

Route

The road ran through the media Trebbia high val Nure, passed in the valley through the Val Ceno of Taro to descend into the valley of the Magra for a total of 105 Km .

Bobbio-Boccolo de 'rates

exact route of the first part I am not certain documents were found, leaving the valley Thresh, probably going from Coli, through the high val Nure Mareto and after passing through the ford of the river Nure went back to Groppazzolo for the pass and down into the valley of Linguadà Ceno, through Boccolo de 'rates where there was hospice (xenodochio) St. Peter's under the control of ^[3] .

Boccolo de 'Bardi-Rates-Borgotaro

The road entering the valley through the Ceno Bardi (Lombard fortress), where he was part of the way of the monasteries registered (from the monastery of Val di Tolla to step up to the Bardi and Pellizzone to Gravago), going Noveglia of the valley, a tributary of Ceno, touched Gravaglia monastery founded in 737 and guarded by a fort, which declined in Borgo Val di Taro where the monastery of Bobbio had the curtis Turrexana the Turris Roman controlled settlement: the passage through a bridge on the river Taro, passing the mouth of the Val Ceno and the road to Pontremoli.

Borgotaro-Pontremoli

Borgotaro two road goes from the watershed via the montis Burgalis ^{Early Medieval [4]} with the Hospice of San Bartolomeo on the pass and the way of the Borgalli Brattello, medieval, both went down to Pontremoli. The city, which was fortified, had the monastery of St. John and St. Columba's Church built by the monks of Bobbio the confluence of the Magra and Verde, now demolished.

The way today

The track is now covered on foot or horseback, with little variation from the historic route, due to landslides and road sections that no longer exist. The entire trip was published in the Travel Guide Riding Trails Emilia-Romagna in 2003 and is located on the maps:

• stretch of Bobbio-Bruzzi map TCI \\ OTP 1:50.000 GEA
• stretch-Bruzzi-Bardi Comune di Bardi CAI Osacca cartography 1:25.000
• tract Osacca Borgotaro-CAI-Pontremoli mapping Emilia-Romagna (sheet 2 and 3) 1:50.000

On 3 and 4 May 2008 is covered in two days from the first edition of the race 105 The Abbots Way Ultra Trail 2008.

Notes

1. G Redoano Coppedè the roads of the Tuscan-Ligurian-Emilian proceedings of the conference Borgo Taro 1998
2. M. Tosi, S. Columbanus of Bobbio, in: Benedictine Monasteries in Emilia Romagna, edited by G. Spinelu, Milano 1980, p. 17-31.
3. C. Onion - G. Buzzi Diplomatic Code of the Monastery of St. Columbanus of Bobbio to the year MCCVIII (Bridges for the History of Italy 52,53,54), Rome 1918 (reprinted Turin 1966-70), I-III.
4. M. Giuliani, "The Way of Borgalli, the" pagus Vignolensis "and the" castrum Grundulae "," Historical Archives of the Province of Parma s. IV, 6, 1954, p. 51-77

Bibliography

• C. Onion - G. Buzzi Diplomatic Code of the Monastery of St. Columbanus of Bobbio to the year MCCVIII (Bridges for the History of Italy 52,53,54), Rome 1918 (reprinted Turin 1966-70)
• S. Maggi - Carmen ArtocchiniI The castles of the Piacentino (Civitas 2), Piacenza 1967
• E. Falconi - R. Peveri (ed.): The Magnum Registrum the City of Piacenza, Milan 1984-1997
• Peter Chiappelloni a journey to Rome by Bobbio - The route of the Abbots "Archivum bobiense" - journal of the Historical Archives Bobiensi N.ro XXVI 2004
• Giovanni La Via Magistretti Abbots Parma, volume LVIII of & # 8217; Historical Archives of the Province of Parma - Deputation of National History of the Prov. Parm. 2007

www.wikipedia.org

Janusz Geiger Gliwice

Via Vandelli

map of northern Italy in 1796 with the Duchy of Modena

The Via Vandelli comes at the behest of the Duke Francesco III d ' Este and connects the city originally Mass and Modena.

The Duchy of Modena had the need to secure access to the sea within its borders (corresponding roughly to the present province of Modena, Reggio Emilia, the Garfagnana and the coast of Massa and Carrara). For this reason, the geographer and mathematician Domenico Vandelli was asked to draw the path, which runs in a rough environment through the Apennines and then through the Alps, on the slopes of Monte Tambura. The additional constraint was that the route should not cross the Papal States, or the Duchy of Lucca, or the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

It took nearly fifteen years of hard work, between 1738 and 1751, to complete the work: he had in fact come to have a road that climbed along the steep sides of mountains up to 1634 meters pitch Tambura. The route, which remains inaccessible in its path because of too many constraints on a territorial and often blocked by snow in winter, it was seldom used. The robbers were a threat to travelers who takes it and quickly suffered a sharp decline.

Today a massive restoration work done by the Municipality of Massa and the Natural Park of the Apuan Alps has returned to its ancient splendor part of the track, namely that portion which runs between the step and Resceto Tambura.

taken from wikipedia.org

Sasusaku Doujinshi Beach

ViaFrancigena I

The ViaFrancigena , formerly called Francesca Via Romea or and that sometimes Franchigena , is the path of a pilgrimage from Canterbury to Rome and was one of the most important lines of communication European Middle Ages.

ViaFrancigena

The pilgrimage to Rome, visiting the tomb of the apostle Peter was one of three in the Middle Ages peregrinationes maiores with the Earth Santra and Santiago de Compostela. ^[1] why Italy had always traveled by pilgrims from all over Europe to Rome. In most cases, pilgrims followed the Roman roads. The pilgrims mainly from France began to enter Italy from the Montgenevre pass, giving the road from there arrived in Rome on behalf of Francigena , that of the French. The route then took part of that vast network of marked trails and roads of Europe and pilgrimage that linked all the major places of spirituality of the time.

The presence of these routes, with the vast amount of people from cultures very different from each other, has led to an exceptional step of signs, emblems, cultures and languages \u200b\u200bof the Christian West. Are still found on the territory of the memories of this passage that has deeply structured settlement patterns and traditions of the places visited. A passage that allowed the different European cultures to communicate and get in touch, forging the basis for cultural, artistic, economic and political life of modern Europe, is known phrase of the poet Goethe that the conscience of Europe was founded on pilgrimage routes. The report

Travel oldest dates back to 990 where it is described in 79 stages the return journey from Rome to Sigerico, Archbishop of Canterbury. The information contained in the chronicle of Sigerico, as well as those from the diary of Nicolas Munkathvera, party all the way from Thule are very useful to determine what was the original route of the Francigena. Il testo originario della cronaca recita:

« Adventus archiespiscopi nostri Sigeric ad Romam : primitus ad limitem beati Petri apostoli : deinde ad Sanctam Mariarn scolarn Anglorum: ad Sanctum Lauren­tium in craticula : ad Sanctum Valentinum in ponte Molui : ad Sanctam Agnes : ad Sanctum Laurentium foris murum : ad Sanctum Sebastianum : ad Sanctum Anasta­sium : ad Sanctum Paulum : ad Sanctum Bonefatium : ad Sanctam Savinam : ad Sanctam Mariam scolam Graecarn : ad Sanctam Ceciliam : ad Sanctum Crisogo­num : ad Sanctam Mariam Transtyberi : ad Sanctum Pancratium. Deinde reversi sunt in domum.

Mane ad Sanctam Mariam rotundam : ad sanctos apostolos : ad Sanctus Johan­nes in Laterane. Inde reficimus cum domini apostolico Johanno : deinde ad Jerusa­lem : ad Sanctam Mariam majorem : ad Sanctum Petrum ad Vincula : ad Sanctum Laurentium ubi corpus ejus assatus fuit. Iste sunt submansiones de Roma usque ad mare. I Urbs Roma. Il Johannis VIIII. III Bacane. IlIl Suteria. V Furcari. VI Sce Valentine. VII Sce Flaviane. VIII Sca Cristina. IX Aquapendente.

X Sce Petir in Pail. XI Abricula. XII Sce Quiric. XIII Turreiner. XIV Arbia. XV Seocine. XVI Burgenove. XVII Aelse. XVIII Sce Martin in Fosse. XIX Sce Gemiane. XX Sce Maria Glan. XXI Sce Peter Currant. XXII Sce Dionisii. XXIII Arne Blanca. XXIII Aqua Nigra. XXV Forcri. XXVI Luca. XXVII Campmaior. XXVIII –Luna. XXIX Sce Stephane. XXX Aguilla. XXXI Puntremel. XXXII Sce Benedicte. XXXIII Sce Moder Anne. Philemangenur XXXIV. Metan XXXV. Sce Domnine XXXVI. Floricum XXXVII. Placentia XXXVIII. Sce Andrea XXXIX. XL Sce Cristine. Pamphica XLI. XLII Tremel. Vercel XLIII. XLIV Sca Agathe. XLV Everi. Publei XLVI. XLVII Agusta. XLVIII Remei Sce. XLIX Petr Castel. L Ursiores. LI Sce Maurici. LII Burbulei. LIII Vivaec. LIV Losanna. LV Urba. LVI Antifern. LVII Punterlin. Nos. LVIII. LIX Bysiceon. LX Cuscei. LXI Sefui. Grenant LXII. LXIII Oisma. LXIV Blaecuile. LXV Bar. LXVI Breone. LXVII Domaniant. Funtaine LXVIII. Chateluns LXIX. Rems LXX. LXXI Corbunei. LXXII Mundlothuin. Lxxiii Martinwaeth. LXXIV Dune. LXXV Atherats. Bruwaei LXXVI. LXXVII Teranburh. Lxxviii Gisne. LXXX Sumeran. »

^[2]

A partire Since 1994 the ViaFrancigena was declared "Cultural Route of the Council of Europe" assuming, like the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, a supra-national dignity.

Path

spread over a 1,600 km route from Canterbury, and comes to Dover to cross the English Channel, from Calais via Reims, Besançorn Lausanne and you get to the Alps that are passed to the Great St. Bernard. Dalla Valle d'Aosta is down to Vercelli, Pavia, crossing the Apennines between the provinces of Piacenza and Parma. Continue from Pontremoli to Lucca, Porcari, Alton, San Gimignano, Colle di Val d'Elsa, Poggibonsi, Siena, Viterbo and ends in Rome.

cities crossed by the original thirty-three are: Canterbury, Calais, Bruay, Arras, Reims, Châlons-sur-Marne, Bar-sur-Aube, Besançon, Pontarlier, Lausanne, Gran San Bernardo, Aosta, Ivrea, Santhià Vercelli, Pavia (detour to Bobbio), Piacenza, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Bicester, (detour to Parma), Fornovo of Taro, Pontremoli, Batesville, Luni, Lucca, Porcari, Altoprascio, San Genesio, San Gimignano, Siena, San Quirico d'Orcia, Bolsena, Viterbo, Sutri, Rome.

Sigerico took 79 days to go, mostly on foot, all 1,600 km of route. The average distance of travel was then about 20 km per day.

The passage of the Po: the ford of Sigerico

The Pilgrim's column in the ancient port of Calendasco Soprarivo ViaFrancigena

Detail map of the late 1500s where can see that the country with the castle, the church and the hospitia of pilgrims, the map shows the whole Francigena bound for the port Po

Calendasco (PC) is part of ViaFrancigena or Romea, as the ' Archbishop of Canterbury Sigerico here crossed the Po River in 990 AD during his trip to Rome to receive the investiture by the pope But even more remarkable is that here was the ancient Roman port of Piacenza (historical memories recall a emporium, which was quite logical arrived at a port where goods). The ViaFrancigena is reported in papers of 1140, 1187, 1056, where we find the aforementioned "strata romea" passing "in eodem Kalendasco site. At the port of

Calendasco boats had to pay a tax for docking or for transit only in the direction of Venice and Pavia: the location is on stream (Super rivum) today equipped with a small port in the service of pilgrims and tourists.

An agreement between Piacenza ed i ferraresi stipulato a Ferrara il 5 novembre 1181 riporta:

«[...] et Ferrariensis debe esse salvus et custoditus in persona et in habere in Placentia et in districtu Placentie, et non debet dare aliquam dationem in Placentia vel in districtu Placentie, nisi duos solidos de fune navis et unam libram piperis super rivum et unam aliam libram piperis ad roncarolum de sterio [...]». ^[3]

Liutprando mantenne i privilegi al porto di questo luogo con un documento del 715 e Carlo Magno li ribadì per tre importanti motivi quali l'importanza della strada romana consolare Placentia-Ticinum, il porto fluviale con la riscossione della gabella e la presenza del castello e del recetto con funzione di avamposti prossimi the city.

Sigerico coming from Piacenza, following the romea strata, at the port of Calendasco Po, where was the passage of the former ViaFrancigena, on the Roman road Placentia - Ticinum (Piacenza, Pavia) crosses the river, as well as many other Pilgrims, merchants, and medieval travelers. A Calendasco pilgrims were dining at the old Franciscan hospitale.

This City on the outskirts of Piacenza is part of the "European Association of Vie Francigene" and deserved a wide quote with references to historical documents about the passage of the Po, in the 'Scientific Dossier' on ViaFrancigena desired by the Council of Europe the Jubilee of 2000. Today the town of Calendasco is able to offer to pilgrims and tourists, the service of two river piers.

Variants

The constraints for pilgrims and travelers had to overcome were the English Channel, the Alps and the Apennines over the river Po While the first two there were not many alternatives to cross the Apennines there were several possibilities. Even for crossing the river Po problems could exist in the case of full points but equipped for the transition were well known and always kept active, because these places usually also act as a 'haven' for ships carrying goods. An example is the Lambro river that flows into the Po saw its efficient port to be maintained that the documents they say 'Mediolanense' (Milan).

the stretch of the Via Cassia, leading from the Po Valley to Tuscany, there were several variants path that exploited the various passes back through the Trebbia and Bobbio (Via degli Abati), or the Val di Taro, or other minor valleys. Recent studies have highlighted the Francigena of Sambuca, a variant that followed the course of the Rhine to Porretta Terme and Pistoia to go through the ancient castle of Pistoia and Sambuca Passo della Collina. Another variant of the Apennines was sometimes used, at least for some sections, the Via Flaminia lower (between Bologna and Tuscany).
A variant of the mountain via Francigena crosses the Alps at the Val di Susa, and goes to the Abbey and the Abbey of St. Anthony of Novalesa Ranverso to reach Turin and then rejoin the main route. Further south, after the death of Saint Francis and his elevation to the altars, many deviated from the ancient pilgrims route to visit Assisi.

The Francigena today

After the discovery, which occurred in the seventies, the Camino de Santiago, it was realized that in Italy there was a similar pilgrimage route, the route. As had happened to the English fire, even the location of the Francigena lay almost entirely under the asphalt of the highway and state that, over time, they had retraced the path of those who already had been the main streets of the Middle Ages and the Roman. The interest, at first limited to scholars, later extended to many who, after having walked the Camino de Santiago, wanted to get to Rome on foot, as it was possible to arrive at Santiago de Compostela in Spain, has spawned a network of enthusiasts Francigena that with paint and brush, have begun to mark trails and paths. Where possible we tried to recover the original route, but sometimes you have chosen to deviate from the historic trails in favor of and quiet roads. Noting the increasing interest in the Camino de Santiago, is now clear that the Francigena is a treasure from the tourism point of view, and if this led the government to become aware of the importance of the phenomenon has even led some to take advantage, For example, by diverting the path just to get through and around that bar or that other restaurant.

Nevertheless, thanks to some media interest, such as a radio series for Radio Rai Tre dedicated to Francigena ^[4] documentaries and the publication of several guides is increasing the number of people who, for religious reasons or not, goes the old backpacker path.

1. " Peregrini can be understood in two ways, one broad and one narrow: wide, weird as it is anyone is out of his country so close if not mean weird not those who go to the house of Sa 'Jacopo or returns. However, it is to know that in three ways it is even called the people who go to the service of the Most High, is called palmers as they go overseas, so often bear the palm are called pilgrims as they go to the house of Galicia, however, that the burial of Sa 'Iacopo fue far side of his home and of any other apostle, who are called to be in Rome Romei "

   ( Dante Alighieri, Vita Nuova )

2. from the original document
3. card is located in 'The Magnum Registrum the City of Piacenza' in voll.III, ed. Giuffrè, Milan 1985, paper n.215
4. Radio Network has organized daily broadcasts at every stage, with the direct participation of its director Sergio Valzania.

Bibliography

• Kerschbaum & Gattinger, Via Francigena - DVD, adventure for the pilgrims, ISBN 3200005009, publisher: EUROVIA, Vienna 2005
• Giovanni Caselli, Via Romea, the Way of God , Giunti Gruppo Editoriale SpA, Florence, 1990
• The ViaFrancigena, the ford of the Po G. and U. Battini, Banca di Piacenza, Piacenza 1998
• Luciano Pisoni, Aldo Galli. Via Francigena . ISBN 8884010462.
• A. Alberti, G. Borgianelli-Spina, E. Fiorentini, R. Villani. trails along the Via Francigena from Siena to Rome . Rome, ed. RAI-ERI, 2005. ISBN 8839713441.
• Monica D'Instruments and Franco Cinti. Guide to the Via Francigena . Milano, Terre di Mezzo, 2006. ISBN 8889385650.

External links

• Site platform of the pilgrim and the pilgrim. - ViaFrancigena
• The ViaFrancigena in Canavese
• The route guidance, the outlook
• European Association of Vie Francigene
• ViaFrancigena in Italy
• Centro Studi Romei
• routes medieval resources for the study of medieval bridges
• light: a project for the reactivation of spiritual paths
• FrancigenaXXI: From Canterbury to Rome in the footsteps of travelers and pilgrims
• Caupona Sigerico: Cultural Recreational Sports Club, in charge of ferrying pilgrims to ford Sigerico
• The ViaFrancigena on localport: Classic and
• Pilgrimage information with map

taken from www.wikipedia.org

Puma Olympic Clothing

The ViaFrancigena

The ViaFrancigena , Franchigena sometimes called, is the route of a pilgrimage from Canterbury to Rome and was one of the most important roads in the European Middle Ages. The report

Travel oldest dates back to 990 where it is described in 79 stages the return journey from Rome to Sigerico, Archbishop of Canterbury. Is an exceptional step of signs, emblems, cultures and languages \u200b\u200bof the Christian West. Are still found on the territory of the memories of this passage that has deeply structured settlement patterns along the route and the path. A shift that has allowed the different European cultures to communicate and get in touch, forging the basis for cultural, artistic, economic and politics of modern Europe.

Since 1994 the ViaFrancigena was declared "Cultural Route of the Council of Europe" assuming, like the Camino de Santiago, a supra-national dignity.

spread over a 1,600 km route from Canterbury, and comes to Dover to cross the English Channel, from Calais via Reims, Besancon and Lausanne to get to the Alps that are passed to the Great St. Bernard. Dalla Valle d'Aosta is down to Vercelli, Pavia, crossing the Apennines between the provinces of Piacenza and Parma. Continue from Pontremoli to Lucca, San Gimrignano, Poggibornsi, Siena, Viterbo and ends in Rome.

Sigerico took 79 days to traverse, on foot of course, all of the 1,600 km journey. The average distance of travel was then about 20 km per day.

The constraints for pilgrims and travelers had to overcome were the English Channel, the Alps and the Apennines. While the first two did not exist many alternatives to cross the Apennines there were several possibilities. In the stretch of the Via Cassia, leading from the Po Valley to Tuscany, there were several variants path that exploited the various passes up the valley of Trebbia rather than the valley of the Taro or other minor valleys.

Taken from wikipedia.org